A new composite indicator to assess and monitor performance and drawbacks of the implementation of Aichi Biodiversity Targets

This paper proposes a new composite indicator for the assessment of implementation Aichi Targets (ATCI) following benchmarking approach simultaneously considering performance and drawbacks. ATCI is based on 37 indicators related to 5 Strategic Goals its aggregated scores ranks are calculated using three BoD-DEA models integrate drawback Targets. was applied 21 European countries were mapped classified into four groups according their location in performance-drawbacks space: S1) Caution, S2) Excellence, S3) Fragility S4) Catching up. Countries S1 S3 recommended mitigate drawbacks facilitate Results showed that 52% (Italy, Hungary, Greece, Czechia, Belgium, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Latvia, Slovenia Slovakia) should pay urgent attention since they show highest limitations. Based limitations, two country profiles identified: with high economic development, population density corresponding impacts biodiversity, medium/low weak governance few human environment. These impacts, however, can be aggravated if situation improves institutional constraints not addressed.